AMSE NEWSLETTER 19
"AMSE Newsletter" is a newsletter of the Association of Medical Schools in Europe. The purpose of AMSE is to share experience between European Medical Faculties in the fields of education, research and management.
"AMSE Newsletter" welcomes contributions in the form of questions, opinions, statement of problems, and also data concerning the faculties. Contributions and all correspondence should be sent to the editor, to the following address: Professor Sergio Curtoni - Department of Genetics, via Santena 19 - 10126 Torino - Italy. Telephone: +39-11-6706668 / 6336511. Fax: +39-11-6706668 / 674040.
According to art. 1 of the Constitution, "Each Medical School in Europe is eligible for full membership and may be represented normally by the Dean or an appropriate representative. Any person who is not the Dean or the recognised representative shall require a certificate of authority from the faculty in order to register with AMSE as a full member and have the right to vote." and art. 5 states that "On payment of the annual subscription membership of AMSE is valid for that calendar year." The representatives of Medical Schools who are not already members of AMSE may become members paying the membership fee of 200 US$ to the:
account n 0521-05335/00 (AMSE)
Creditanstalt-Bankverein Wien
swift code: CABVATWW; bank code: 11000
Address: Schottengasse 6-8 a-1010 Wien, Austria
and informing the treasurer of AMSE:
Professor Helmut Gruber
Institut für Anatomie der Universität Wien
Währingerstraße 13
A-1090 Vienna - AUSTRIA
Tel : +43-1-40.480.331 4088366 - Fax : +43-1-40.480.224
E-mail: Helmut.Gruber@univie.ac.at
ANNOUNCEMENT CONCERNING THE AMSE GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN UPPSALA
Election of two members of the executive committee
In September 1997 two members of the Executive Committee are at the end of their term. They are Helmut Gruber (from Vienna. One year ago he was appointed a Secretary-Treasurer of AMSE) and Henk Huisjes (from Groningen). They have completed their first term, and according the Constitution of AMSE they can be re-elected for a second term. Considering the excellent work they have done as E.C. members, in its last meeting the Executive Committee asked both of them to accept a second nomination. They both accepted.
Therefore the AMSE E.C. proposes their names for re-election in the General Assembly that will take place in Uppsala Saturday 6 September 1997.
THE FIRST MED-NET CONFERENCE WAS HELD IN ROTTERDAM ON MAY 1-3 1997
As discussed in the AMSE annual congress 1996 in Granada, and published on AMSE Newsletter n. 16 (October 1996), In the frame of European Union SOCRATES Programme AMSE was invited to join The MED-NET Thematic Network, which is aimed to perform studies on teaching of Medicine in European Universities. The network started its activity in early 1997, establishing several working groups. In Rotterdam these working groups submitted to the participants their projects, that will be summarised hereafter.
Working group on Education survey. The project of this group is to collect detailed information on every medical school in Europe. Information should be diffused through Internet. Information on several schools are already available on the Internet home pages of individual universities. One of the aims of the working group will be to stimulate every medical faculty to establish their own home page, and to include the same set of information. A prototype list of information, mainly on the basis of the ECTS information list, will be prepared (it is reminded that ECTS, acronym of European Credit Transfer System, is an ERASMUS programme for student exchange).
Medical schools interested in providing information on themselves may contact Sergio Curtoni, who is the representative on AMSE in the MEDNET task force.
Working group on Curriculum innovation. The project is to collect an overview of all changes going on in medical education within Europe. The information will focus primarily on undergraduate education. Examples of areas where it may be particularly interesting to know the innovations experienced by a faculty, are: clinical clerkships - new disciplines - ridefining objectives - didactic approaches - curriculum structure - virtual and real mobility of student and teachers - quality assessment. After the investigation, a meeting will be held on changes reported.
Medical schools interested in informing on innovations recently introduced in their educational system may contact Sergio Curtoni.
Working group on Postgraduate education. This period of the medical education is that identified by the E.U. Commission as "The third cycle". It has been commented that the responsibility for this "third cycle" is to different official (or unofficial) bodies in different European countries. The following problems were mentioned: i) mobility of postgraduate students, ii) dependence of the postgraduate education from health economics and the local health care systems. The European Medical Association informed to have established a data base on all the specialisation schools in Europa.
Medical schools interested in obtaining inforrnation (or in updating the data base) on school of specialisation may contact the president of E.M.A. dr. Vicenzo Costigliola (Bruxelles) at the following E-mail address: VincenzoC @ ema.be, or at the following fax number: +32-2-7342135.
Working group on Professionalisation of teachers. The aim of the working group was to study proposals to stimulate professionalisation. Four main questions were proposed: What is the best definition of professionalisation? - Why is professionalisation important? - Which resistance exists? - How can professionalisation be promoted? A progress in the following aspects was considered important for a professionalisation: Education and training - Research in teaching and learning - Evolution of quality - Management.
Working group on Student exchange with ECTS. Beyond all the problems arising in the student exchange programmes, those presented by the credits were mainly emphasised. Possible methods to calculate a course credits were discussed.
Working group on International health. Medical schools are now starting to face the necessity to educatd doctors not only for their own country, but for the world. Up to now this aspect was not considered in curriculum planning. This is the field of international health education. "International health" is defined as the study of global variations in health status. The subject focus on inter-disciplinary studies of health promotion, diseases control and health service for the poor population groups of low and middle income countries. The MED-NET working group proposed to establish an exchange of experience on education in international Health; in undergraduate education this exchange could be developed through special activities (that will be studied), while in postgraduate education the exchange could take place through creations of links with "TROPEDEUROP". This is a European network for international health education, training and research established to provide a high-quality forum for the transfer of knowledge and skills in tropical and international health.
Medical schools interested in obtaining information from (or in contributing to) TROPEDEUROP can contact dr. Carsten F. Mantel, Tropedeurop Coordinating Centre, Institute of Tropical Medicine Berlin, Engeldamm 62, D-10179 Berlin (Germany) fax: +49-30-2746.736
The first MEDNET congress will take place in the beginning of May 1998 in Lille (France).
The Medical Faculties in Europe
Following an initiative started in 1995 in Vienna, also during the AMSE annual congress 1996 (Granada) some Faculties of Medicine were presented. In this issue of AMSE Newsletter the presentation of some of these Faculties is published.
THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY 0F LLEIDA
The Medical School of Lleida University was recreated in 1991 by the Catalan Government sited in Barcelona. This recent period began in 1977 when the University of Barcelona created a delegation in Lleida of the Faculty of Medicine and sent students to Lleida. Until today 14 generations of graduates finished their studies in our School of Medicine.
Today Lleida is the main city western Catalonia, half way between Zaragoza and Barcelona. It has 110,000 people and it is the referral site for a health care system serving 350,000 people. There are 5 hospitals, having the University Arnau de Vilanova Hospital of 435 beds as the reference hospital of the region. Lleida Cathedral from XIIth century dominates the city, whose origins are pre-romanesque, (represented by Indivil and Mandonio, Celtic fighters that died in a battle against Roman army). In Lleida there are other monumental buildings, such as the romanesque church of S. Marti, from XII Century, that became the University Church, St. Llorens Church, from XIV century, and the old hospital of Sta. María, from XV century.
HISTORY
The History of our School of Medicine really is very old. In 1297 Pope Bonifacio Vill authorised King Jaume II to create a University and he did so in 1300 in Lleida, with the studies of Medicine among the most important. Arnau de Vilanova came from Montpellier and became a teacher in Lleida University in some periods. Jaume d'Agramunt, eminent professor of Lleida School of Medicine in XIV century, wrote a book, which is conserved, on epidemiology of pest plague that can be considered one of the first in the world.
Our School of Medicine was suppressed by King Felipe V in 1717 when he won the succession war against the Catalans and also suppressed Barcelona University at the same time.
Its current refounding our School of Medicine is a public one belonging to the University of Lleida, under the authority of Universities Board of the Catalonian Goverment, and following the Spanish General University Laws. We have an agreement with the Catalan Institute of Health to use the health Care facilities for student training, especially the Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital and the Primary Care centers. Actually we collaborate with 5 other centers and two other public hospitals: Sta María and Clinica Aliança.
RESOURCES
We have two different buildings: one is the central Faculty with three floors dedicated to basic research and two to educational facilities. The other is in Arnau the Vilanova Lleida University Hospital, with a 5-floor building just refurbished.
The main Library is in the Central building. The School of Nursing is also in touch with us.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME
The Institutional Mission of Lleida School of Medicine is that our graduates achieve a broad and holistic education and that they view medicine as a socially responsible, human service profession, behaving ethically and with humanity, with a wide concept of medicine, focused on health, encompassing all of the factors that lead to human disease, including those of social, cultural and economic nature.
Our specific main objectives are that Medical Students, at the end of their education, should be able to:
1- Diagnose and treat correctly common health problems in primary care. This means that they must acquire the knowledge, skills and attitudes that enable them to:
- Obtain correctly clinical history and perform physical examination
- Develop a problem list and establish the differential diagnoses arranged by frequencies.
- Indicate the appropriate management: medical or surgical
treatment according to the risk/benefit rate, or referral to a
specialist.
- Behave always ethically with humanity, taking into account the
sociocultural, familiar, psychological, economic, environmental,
legal political and spiritual aspects of health care seekers.
2- Evaluate the health care problems of a given community end the necessary requirements for its correction. This implies the knowledge of the techniques for data collection to apply community health care problems and to establish the measures for its correction, including preventive measures and community health care educational programs, according to the priorities and availability of health care resources, both human and economic.
3- Interpret scientifically the advances in diagnosis and therapeutics and have th habit and criteria to renew their knowledge, skills and attitudes with lifelong learning. This implies not only a solid scientific background but also that this knowledge is related to the pathology. It implies as well to have the habit of researching information and a critic attitude to evaluate its differential sources - starting with our Faculty teaching - and also a good knowledge of the most important ones. They also should have the habit of self-care and personal development.
4- Access and accomplish a postgraduate specialization program - Residency training - Having the necessary and broad knowledge, skills and attitudes.
To achieve these goals Lleida School of Medicine is implementing the new Curriculum Study program, started three years ago, after approval by the Faculty members and the Spanish University Council. We are now in its 3rd year, and reviewing it yearly to prepare its adjustment.
This new curriculum is based on the integration of different disciplines, with more coordination, less autonomy of disciplines, more practice and less theory hours and the developing of the Institutional Mission and Main School of Medicine Objectives, tending towards a problem based education curriculum.
Our 6th and last pregraduate year is mainly practical; the students rotate every 1'5 -3 months, during 9 months, through Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Emergency, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Pediatrics of the University Hospital and associated hospitals, and also 2-3 months in Primary care centers. The global curriculum ratio between theory and practice is 50%, gradually acquired from basic to clinical learning.
LLEIDA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE ORGANIZATION
We are organised in a Faculty Assembly composed by 60% lecturers and professors, 30% students and 10% administrative staff, who vote the Dean of the Faculty every 3 years and with only one possible re-election and approve the curriculum educational program and the budget distribution, which is assigned by University Council.
The School of Medicine Government Council is constituted by the Dean and two Vice-Deans: one Chief of Studies, curriculum coordinator and the other in charge of the relations with Health Care Assistance, as health Care system Coordinator, and a Secretary General, all them lecturers or professors. Two students and an administrative manager also belong to the Council.
We have an Academic Board Committee of 15 members from relevant medical and health care system and staff lecturers or professors assessor of the Government Council and a Studies
Board Committee, of 12 members, 50% students and 50% lecturers or professors encharged of the teaching organization and curriculum organization, both under the presidence of the Vice Dean Chief of Studies.
Medical Education is carried out by the three Medical Departments of Lleida University: Basic Medical Sciences, Medicine and Surgery. We have 98 teachers: 33 Full Professors and lecturers and 65 Associated Professors.
Global number of students changes each year from 450 to 550, entering each year about 110, and obtaining their graduation between 30 to 50, transferring to other Schools of Medicine, mostly Barcelona, their home family origin, about 30 to 40 each year.
RESEARCH
1- Basic research is held by the Department of Basic Medical sciences, with the following research lines:
- Physiologic or induced cell death of motoneurons.
- Regulation of the cellular cycle in eucariots.
- Molecular biology of neuron apoptosis.
- Non enzymatic glycation of macromolecules: its relation with
diabetes and aging.
- Metal catalytic protein oxidation in microorganisms.
- Protein structure related with cellular motility.
- Digestive tube morphology.
- Vascular reactivity.
- Neuromuscular junction. Molecular organization and function.
- Biomathematics.
2- Clinical research is mainly done in Arnau de Vilanova
University Hospital in the Medicine and Surgery Departments.
The most important lines are:
Department of Medicine:
- Mineral metabolism in renal failure
- AIDS: prognostic factors
- Lymphoid leukemia's
- Nutrition in critically ill patients - Medico-legal study of suicide - Etiology of pneumonia.
Department of Surgery:
- Experimental spleen transplantation in rats
- Bone formation in relation with neurologic trauma
- Experimental study of chronic Otitis in Mongolian Gerbi.
- Experimental study of microsurgical vein-vein and vein-
arterial anastomosis.
- Free fascio-cutaneous flaps with vascular microsuture post
radiotherapy. Experimental study in rats.
- Study of prognostic factors in colon cancer.
Departments of Medicine and Surgery:
- Pathogenic factors in experimentally induced colonic cancer
in the rat.
- Flux cytometry in human colonic cancer
Each department has one 3rd Cycle PhD Programme: Biological Bases of Medicine, Hydroelectrolitic disturbances and Emergency Surgery.
For Continuous Postgraduate Medical Education we offer and develop several Courses, mainly: Master, Postgraduate and Specialization courses and we also collaborate with the Lleida College of Physicians in other courses, asked yearly by them after an inquiry to Lleida Physicians, taking also in account the Health Care system political lines and needs. We have a collaboration agreement with Lleida College of Physicians.
We have coordinated, since 1989, a Socrates-Erasmus PIC in Surgery between Strasbourg, Toulouse, Milan and Trieste Universities, with students exchange, now extended in new Socrates-Erasmus project.
Our good relationships and proximity with Barcelona 3rd level public hospitals allows us, professionals and students to promote our continuous education and stages in Hospital Departments that we do not dispose in Lleida University Hospital.
In summary, we are a small School of medicine, heir of one of the first in the world, having the vocation of better serve human sciences and our society. We act as a team, where every one is important to achieve the objectives.
Granada, AMSE meeting. September, 7, 1996.
Prof. Dr. Juan Vinas-Salas
Dean, Lleida School of Medicine
The Main Characteristics and Activities of the Faculty of Medicine of University "Sts. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Ljubisa Caparoski - Skopje (Macedonia)
There has been an organised hospital service in Macedonia during the last two centuries. A large hospital service complex, both civil and military has been present in Skopje for more than a century and a half. A Faculty of Medicine was missing. The Faculty of Medicine was founded in 1947. An Institute of Tropical Diseases, with the functions of an Institute of Public Health was established in 1924. The Faculty of Medicine was settled among the buildings of the hospital complex and the buildings of the preventive medicine complex. All available hospital space became clinical space. The Faculty of Medicine in Skopje is a public institution with social, medical, educational and scientific obligations, administrative and financial autonomy.
Aims and Objectives
Macedonia was without Faculty of Medicine. The medical doctors were educated in European Faculty of Medicine including those in Balkan states (Turkey, Greece /before the First World War/, Serbia, Bulgaria, Croatia /after the Second World War/). The essential necessity to create an integrated health system with a Faculty of Medicine as a Vital Health Centre, able to take the responsibilities to serve the functions of knowledge and experience dissemination for Health Care and Health Promotion, was the Century Dream of many Generations of Macedonian Medical Doctors and it became a reality in 1947. The objectives of the Macedonian Faculty of Medicine in Skopje are:
- To provide an integrated and productive knowledge and experience to the community in the field of Health Promotion and Health Care;
- To be a centre for undergraduate and postgraduate education in the field of Medicine leading to the titles of MD, Master and PhD;
- To advance and promote the applied and basic scientific research activities and knowledge achievement in Human Medicine and Biology in co-operation with the other institutions at the universities, in Macedonia and European and non-European universities;
- To serve as an economic focus for Health Care and Health Promotion reforms on the basis of contemporary management experience and knowledge and to introduce with the help of economic disciplines regular postgraduate education in the field of management;
- To create, develop and introduce the Faculty of Medicine programmes with private, public domestic or foreign organisation related to the development and promotion of international or research activities and the international science interchange;
- To take essential part in the international development of Solidarity and Peace Promotion through the experience and knowledge interchange in the field of Human Medicine and Biology.
Organisation
The Faculty of Medicine in Skopje has the following organisation units:
- Basic Sciences (Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Genetics, Physiology, Anatomy,
Histology and Embryology, Pathophysiology, Immunology, Microbiology,
Epidemiology, Social Medicine, Pharmacology, Hygiene, Radiology);
- Clinical Sciences (Surgery, Otorhynolaryngology, Orthopaedics, Paediatrics,
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dermatology and Venereology, Internal
Medicine, Ophthalmology, Occupational Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Legal Medicine);
- Administrative Services;
- Library;
- Documentation Unit,
- Technical Services.
The organisational structures in the last years both in basic and in the clinical sciences are subjected to extensive reforms, induced by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Ministry of Health under the influence of a closer relationship of our universities with the universities of USA, European and non-European countries.
Personnel
The student distribution in the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje is shown in Table I (Annual Report, 1995).
Table I.
Student distribution in the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje, 1995.
Numerus clausus 200
Number of students 1203
first year 200
second year 226
third year 205
fourth year 185
fifth year 119
sixth year 268
Number of students from foreign countries 20
Number of graduates in 1995 160
Number of students for Master degree 47
Teaching Staff
Professors 130
Associate Professors 58
Assistant Professors 425
Total number 613
Technical/Administrative Staff 42
Activities
Activities of the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje are co-ordinated with the activities of the University "Sts.Cyril and Methodius" in Skopje and are developed in the areas of education, research, health care and health promotion as a service to community and co-operation with the press and administration.
The activities to provide the contemporary pattern of curricula and learning strategy policies, innovation policies, development, funding and management policies are a permanent concern of the school.
A. Education
The time taken to complete the medical course is six academic years. Education activities consist of courses of 16 basic disciplines and 13 chemical disciplines. The Master degree courses are available both for all basic and clinical disciplines. The clinical and research training, conferences, educational programmes for technical professionals, international co-operation programmes in education and research, exchange of visiting professors and investigators are permanent part of the educational activities.
Quality improvement of educational activities is a priority concern of teaching staff.
Educational activities are funded by the Ministry of Education.
B. Research
The research activities are conducted through the departments of basic and clinical disciplines. Some of the research activities are done with international co-operation.
The research activities are predominantly in the areas of clinical disciplines, some in co-operation between the researchers of basic and clinical disciplines. The Faculty of Medicine is at the higher levels of participation in national and international meetings and with the higher number of published papers in indexed international journals. The granted research projects are mainly provided by the Ministry of Science and some are funded by foreign research institutions. The research activities are related to fundamental and applied research and their objectives are the implementation of both fundamental and applied research in clinical practice and education.
C. Services to community
The services to community consist of health care activities and health promotion activities. The health care activities are provided by the departments of clinical disciplines and their laboratories. The health promotion is a permanent activity of every clinical discipline and is provided in co-operation with The Public Health Service. The Central Library, amphitheatres, conference halls are available for meetings of scientific, professional and cultural associations.
D. Administration
The administration is constituted by the Dean's Office, Pedagogical Council and its committees (Scientific Committee, Pedagogical Committee, Administrative Committee, Student Committee, Consultant Committee, Ethical Committee).
The administrative activities are accountable for the legal and moral aspects of the global activities of the Faculty of Medicine and they provide financial, public and legal enhancement, support and maintenance for the school activities.
The administrative process for students admission is determined by the national system of selection prescribed by the Ministry of Education. The Pedagogical Council indicates the member of vacancies and determines the numerus clausus.
The reforms in the educational, research and administrative practice are designed under the co-operation with economic, pedagogical, scientific and social institutions.
E. Press
The programmes and the activities of the school are of permanent interest of the medical journals published in the country and their Editorial Staff consists mostly of professors from the School of Medicine in Skopje. A medical journal is published by the School of Medicine: Annals of the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje. The Educational Staff of the faculty presents its permanent engagement in the continuous public health education by its participation in the publication activities of the journals, newspapers and TV emission.
The Main Characteristics and Activities of the Medical School of University of Porto
M.A. Tavares - Porto (Portugal).
The Medical School of the University of Porto was founded in 1911, succeeding the Royal School of Surgery and the School of Medicine-Surgery of Porto established in 1825 and 1836 respectively (Fig. 1); from 1959, the Medical School is settled in the building of the Hospital São João, Porto, sharing with the Hospital most of the clinical spaces (Fig. 2). It is a public institution with scientific, pedagogic, administrative and financial autonomy.
Aims and Objectives
The Medical School of Porto aims to be a center of creation, creativity,
knowledge dissemination, culture and science diffusion in the fields of Medicine and Human Biological Sciences.
The objectives of the Medical School of Porto are:
1) to provide education in the fields of Medicine and Human Biology, through undergraduate teaching programs and scientific research leading to the titles of MD, Master, PhD and of Aggregate Professor;
2) to enhance scientific research activities and knowledge achievement within the same areas, by itself or in cooperation with other institutions of the University of Porto, and other national or foreign Universities;
3) to provide health services to the community;
4) to develop conjoint programs with private or public organizations focusing on the development of teaching or research activities and scientific interchange;
5) to contribute, within the scope of Medicine and Human Biology, towards the cooperation and international solidarity specially with Portuguese language countries and European countries (Estatutos da Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, 1995).
Organization
The Medical School of Porto is functionally organized in Basic and Clinical Services (40), Central Services (Administrative Services, Documentation and Iconography, Experimental Surgery and Animal Facilities, Electron Microscopy, Nobre laboratory, Public Relations Office and Informatics) and Dependent Units (Institute of Anatomy, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Museum of History of Medicine, Radioisotopes Laboratory, General Medicine Department, Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics). These units are integrated in Departments (Medicine, and Gynecology and Obstetrics) and Groups (Morphology, Physiology and Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Medical Sociology, Medical Imagiology and Signal Processing, Surgery, Neuropsychiatry, Pediatrics, and Medical-Surgical Specialties). These units are responsible to assure specific functions as teaching, research and clinical assistance. The main constraint imposed to the Medical School of Porto in the last three years has been a re-organizational program of its personnel (staff), imposed from the outside by the national system of staffing norms that has been proposed by the Ministry of Education which is regulated by the ratio student/teacher.
Personnel
The distribution of the "people" of the Medical School of Porto is shown in Table 1 (Relatório Anual, 1995).
Table 1 - Medical School of Porto - Synopsis of the personnel
Numerus clausus.....................
105 (31M, 74F)Number of students...................... 786 (301M, 485F)
1st year - 137; 2nd year - 154;
3rd year - 145; 4th year - 131;
5th year - 109; 6th year -110
Students from foreign countries.... 34 (15M, 19F)
Number of MDs/1995 .................. 98 (37M, 63M)
PhD students .............................. 81
Teaching staff -
"Full time"Full Professors 38 (35M, 3F)
Associate Professors 36 (34M, 2F)
Auxiliary Professors 37 (29M, 8F)
Assistants 29 (18M, 11F)
Stagiary 3(3M)
Teaching staff -
"Part time"Associate Professors 6 (5M, 1F)
Auxiliary Professors 6(6M)
Assistants 92 (60M, 32 F)
Stagiary 9 (6M, 3F)
Total number .............................. 256 (196M, 60F)
Technical/Administrative Staff....... 205
M - Males; F - Females
Activities
The activities of the Medical School of Porto are developed in the areas of education, research, service to community, administration and press, in good accord with the policies of the University of Porto: human resources policy (staff); clientele policy (students); patterns of curricula and learning strategy policies (teaching); innovation policy (research); development policy (cooperative services) and funding policy (finances) (Boletim da Universidade do Porto, 28, Maio 1996).
A. Education
Educational activities are accountable for the undergraduate education (cooperation in the Dentistry course - 15 disciplines are taught in the Medical School - and Nutritional Sciences - 15 disciplines are taught in the Medical School). The length of time taken to complete the medical course is 6 academic years leading to a Diploma for application to a pre-registration. Educational activities also concern Master degree courses (sports medicine, oncobiology, psychiatry, human biology, public health, human genetics and nurse sciences), specialization courses in medical climatology and hydrology and occupational medicine, post graduation courses, PhD studies (85 PhD students, in 1995), clinical training, international cooperation programs, meetings, visiting professors and researchers, provision of academic degrees and educational programs for technical professionals. Education as an improvement priority area concerns the definition of learning patterns proposed to students (workload, length of degree completion) and teaching improvement (specialization of the teaching staff). Funds for teaching and functioning are dependent on the Ministry of Education whereas most of the funds for research are provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology.
B. Research
The research activities are fragmented through the functional units of the Medical School and are characterized by a great diversity, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Although the heterogeneity of the research fields, the Medical School of Porto is one of the Portuguese university schools with higher levels of participation in national and international meetings and with a higher number of published papers in indexed international journals. Within the research activities, there are several centers for research and development and granted projects are mainly provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology through the Portuguese Council for Scientific and Technological Research (JNICT) and from European Community Programs. The development of interface institutions with the Medical School is reinforcing the applied research at the clinical level. In the last years there was a significant improvement in the Medical School international competitiveness. There was an implementation of the fundamental and applied research; however, funding for research and the peer reviews of research activities happen in great majority outside the Medical School.
C. Services to community
The services to the community are provided by laboratories of the Medical School (Genetics Laboratory, Immunology Laboratory, Nobre Laboratory and Radioisotopes Laboratory), the Department of General Practice, Museums (Museum of History of Medicine of Professor Maximiliano Lemos and Museum of the Institute of Anatomy of Prof. J.A. Pires de Lima), a Central Library, and the availability of the Great Hall and amphitheaters for meetings of professional, scientific or cultural associations.
D. Administration
The administrative bodies are constituted by a Representative Assembly, Directive, Scientific, Pedagogical, Administrative and Consultant Councils. The administrative activities concern the enhancement, support and maintenance of the relationships with the University, the Hospital, the National Medical Association, the Student Medical Association, the Portuguese communities of Africa, Brasil and Macau.
The administrative process of admission of students depends on the national system of selection administered by the Ministry of Education. The Medical School indicates the number of vacancies it can provide
(numerus clausus of 105 in 1995). New curriculum development is under the focus of the activities as well as the establishment of protocols with other scientific, social and economic institutions.E. Press
Press activities concern the editorial responsibility of the journals: Archives of Medicine, Portuguese Archives of Surgery and Medical Education. The Editors-in-chief are full professors of the Medical School of Porto and the journals are owned by the Association of Students of Medical School of Porto.
Boletim da Universidade do Porto, 28 - Maio de 1996
Estatutos da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. DR II Série 281. 06.12.1995. Relatório Anual da Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, 1995. J. Pinto-Machado.
Legends of the Figures
Figure 1 - School of Medicine-Surgery of Porto (1836).
Figure 2 - Hospital São João of Porto. From 1959, the Medical School of Porto is located in this building.
INFORMATION ON EUROPEAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS AVAILABLE IN INTERNET
INTERNET is proving to be an efficient way to get information on many European medical schools. The presentations of medical schools discussed during the AMSE congresses, and published in these Newsletter, give not only technical information, but deal also with cultural aspects.
If you need more technical details on a faculty, for many faculties you may have them directly through INTERNET. To investigate the level of service which can be obtained by INTERNET, we have searched for all the European medical schools. A number of Universities have their INTERNET site, but with no information on their medical schools. We have discarded them from the list. The majority of medical schools give a number (higher or lower) of useful information. A first group of them is listed below, with their INTERNET addresses. We hope this service will be useful to you.
Unfortunately, there is a wide heterogeneity among schools. Some give more information some give less. On this respect, it is hoped that examining the sites of other schools may stimulate certain schools to improve theirs. In our opinion, among the best examples of sites are those from the following medical schools: Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium), Medical Faculty of Cologne (Germany), Medical Faculty of Giessen (Germany), Medical Faculty of Munich (Germany), Libero Istituto Universitario Campus Bio-Medico (Italy), King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry (UK).
Furthermore, even when a good deal of information is given, they often are not on the same aspects. It would be desirable that all schools have in common at least a core of essential information. This is one of the aims of MED-NET, as reported in a different part of this issue.
The language of the following sites is always English unless otherwise specified.
University of Graz, Faculty of Medicine - Austria http://www.kfunigraz.ac.at/E/fak-inst/medi_all.html (in German)
University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Medicine. - Austria http://dm2.uibk.ac.at/c/c5
Univ. of Wien, Fac. of Medicine-Austria http://www.univie.ac.at/cgi-bin/instpage?inum=a5&mx=200 (German)
Un. Libre de Bruxelles, Fac. of Medicine. - Belgium http://www.ulb.ac.be/ulb/fac_inst_ec/medecine.html (French)
University of Gent, Faculty of Medicine. - Belgium http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~jpollet/welcome.html (in Dutch)
Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Fac. of Medicine. - Belgium http://www.md.ucl.ac.be (in French)
Ku Leuven Faculty of Medicine. - Belgium http://www.kuleuven.ac.be/facdep/medicine/medicine_en.html
Limburgs Universitair Centr., Fac. of Med.& Dent. - Belgium http://www.luc.ac.be/onderwijs/fgen.html (Dutch)
Université de Mons-Hainaut (UMH), Faculty of Medicine. - Belgium http://www.umh.ac.be/fm.html
Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Faculty of Medicine. - Namur, Belgium
http://www.fundp.ac.be/medecine/gener/genfacf.html (in French)
University of Liège, Faculty of Medicine. - Belgium http://www.ulg.ac.be/fac00.htm http://www.ulg.ac.be/fac05.htm (in French)
Medical University Sofia. - Bulgaria http://194.141.44.130/
University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine. - Croatia http://mamed.medri.hr/
University of Zagreb Medical School. - Croatia http://mamef.mef.hr/
http://split.carnet.hr/medsch/e01.html (Split Branch)
http://split.carnet.hr/medsch/homepage.html
Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine. - Brno, Czech Republic http://www.med.muni.cz./about.html
Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine. - Prague, Czech Republic http://www.lf1.cuni.cz/
Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine. - Prague, Czech Republic http://www.lf2.cuni.cz/asc/homepage.htm
Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine. - Prague, Czech Republic http://www.lf3.cuni.cz/english.html
Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen. - Czech Republic http://www.lfp.cuni.cz/
Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové. - Czech Republic http://www.lfhk.cuni.cz/
Faculty of Medicine of UP. - Olomouc, Czech Republic http://www.upol.cz/upol/lf/welcome.html.en
Palacky University Medical School.- Olomouc, Czech Republic http://www.lawfirmusa.com/palackymed
University of Aarhus, Faculty of Health Sciences. - Denmark http://www.health.aau.dk/
University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences. - Denmark http://www.ku.dk/sun-e.html
Odense University, Faculty of Health Sciences. - Denmark http://www.ou.dk/Med/
University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine. - Estonia http://www.ut.ee/teaduskond/Arsti/english
Haartman Institute. - Finland http://kirke.helsinki.fi/
University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine. - Finland http://www.ltdk.helsinki.fi/ (in Finnish)
University of Kuopio, Faculties and Depts. (including Faculty of Medicine)- Finland http://www.uku.fi/english/studies/ects/univ.htm
University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine. - Finland http://www.oulu.fi/%7Emedicweb/welcome.htm
University of Tampere Medical School. - Finland http://www.uta.fi/laitokset/bio
Tampere School of Public Medicine, Licentiate in Medicine - Finland http://www.uta.fi/laitokset/tsph/teach/LLcours.html (in Finnish)
University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine. - Finland http://www.utu.fi/%28m%29/med/tdk
Finnish Graduate School in Health Science. - Finland http://www.utu.fi/research/fgshs/index.html
University of Aix, Marseilles I, II and III. - France http://www-biol.univ-mrs.fr/deadess/doctorale.html (French)
University of Picardie Jules Verne, Facutly of Medicine. - Amiens Cédex 1, France
http://www.u-picardie.fr/cycle3/ -medecine
University of Angers, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Pharmacy. - France
http://www.univ-angers.fr/universite/medecine.html (in French)
University of Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand I, List of U.F.R. and information - France
http://www.univ-bpclermont.fr/ua/unirec.html (in French)
Univ. of Bordeaux2 "Victor Segalen" (Structure and Formations). - France http://www.u-bordeaux2.fr/ (French)
University of Brest, Fac. of Medicine. - France
http://www.univbrest.fr/Enseignement/LesFormations/somFrame.html (in French)
University of Caen, UFR Medecine. - France http://www.unicaen.fr/unicaen/ufr/medecine/ (in French)
Univ. of Grenoble 1 "Joseph Fourier". - France http://www.ujf-grenoble.fr/COM/ufr.htm (List of UFR) (French)
http://www.ujf-grenoble.fr/COM/degrees.htm - BAC>5 (List of degrees)
http://www.ujf-grenoble.fr/COM/degrees.htm (List of degrees)
University of Lille II, Faculty of Medicine. - France http://www.univ-lille2.fr/ab/abc/abca (in French)
University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine. - France
http://www.unihm.fr/univ/facultes/medecine.html (in French. English version available soon)
University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - France http://www.univ-lyon1.fr/univ/Plaquette
University of Nancy 1 Henri Poincaré, Faculty of Medicine. - France http://www.unancy.fr/UHP/Composantes/ufr_medical.html (in French)
http://www.u-nancy.fr/UHP/Enseignement/medecine.html (in French)
Univ. of Nantes, Faculty of Medicine. - France http://www.sante.univ-nantes.fr/med/homepage.html (French)
University of Nice "Sophia Antipolis", Faculty of Medicine. - France
http://www.unice.fr/html/Medecine (in French)
CHU Saint Antoine, Fac. of Medicine Saint-Antoine. - Paris, France http://www.b3e.jussieu.fr/chu_sa/fdmsa.html
University Paris V "René Descartes", Faculty of Medicine Necker-Enfants Malades. - France
http://www.anapath.necker.fr/ENSEIGN/FacNeckerIntro (in French)
Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Medical Studies- France
http://wwwadm.admp6.jussieu.fr/caio/medecine/medecine.htm
University Denis Diderot Paris 7. - France http://www.sigu7.jussieu.fr/comm/dipform.htm (in French)
http://www.sigu7.jussieu.fr/comm/dipform.htm (in French)
http://www.sigu7.jussieu.fr/comm/dipform.htm - 2ème (in French)
University Paris 12 Val de Marne. - France
http://www.univ-paris12.fr/www/upvm/formations.html (Faculties including Medicine) (in French)
http://www.univ-paris12.fr/www/upvm/fiches/medecin.html (Faculty of Medicine) (in French)
University of Poitiers, Faculties. - France http://www.univ-poitiers.fr/ (in French. English version available soon)
University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, U.F.R. Medecine. - France
http://www.univ-reims.fr/Ufr/Medecine/medecine.html (in French)
University of Rennes 1, Faculty of Medicine. - France http://www.med.univ-rennes1.fr/index_an.html (French) http://www.med.univ-rennes1.fr/plaquettedim/faculte_medecine.html (ibid.)
Rouen University Hospital. - France http://www.chu-rouen.fr/general/homeng.html
University of Saint-Etienne "Jean Monnet", Faculties (including Medicine). France
http://www.univ-st-etienne.fr/~monnet/faculte.html - medecine (in French)
University of Strasbourg 1 "Louis Pasteur", Faculty of Medicine. - France
http://www-ulp.u-strasbg.fr/ulp_structure/ufr/ufr_fm.html (in French)
University of Toulouse 3 "Paul Sabatier", Organisation. - France http://www.ups-tlse.fr:7654/O/organisation.html
University of Berlin, Humboldt Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.rz.charite.hu-berlin.de/ch.html
Free University of Berlin, Fachbereich Humanmedizin. - Germany http://www.fu-berlin.de/index.html
Univ. of Bochum, Fac. of Medicine. - Germany http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/Info-1-Medizin.html (German)
University of Bonn, Medical Center. Germany http://www.meb.uni-bonn.de/welcome.en.html
University of Bonn, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.informatik.uni-bonn.de/medezin-en.html
University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.rrz.uni-koeln.de/med-fak (English version)
University of Düsseldorf, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany
http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/HHU/Fak/Med/MedFak%2300.phtml (in German)
http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/WWW/MedFak/ (in German)
University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany
http://www.rrze.uni-erlangen.de/docs/FAU/fakultaet/med
University of Essen, Faculties (including Medicine). - Germany http://www.uni-essen.de/fbze.html (in German)
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Univ.of Frankfurt, Klinikum. - Germany http://www.klinik.uni-frankfurt.de/ (German)
Univ. of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.ukl.uni-freiburg.de/fakult/homede.html (German)
University of Gießen "Justus Liebig", Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.med.uni-giessen.de/ (German)
University of Göttingen, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.uni-goettingen.de/FB/Med/ (in German)
University of Greifswald, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.medizin.uni-greifswald.de/ (in German)
Martin-Luther Univ., Fac.of Medicine. - Halle-Wittenberg, Germany http://www.medizin.uni-halle.de/ (German)
University of Hamburg, Medical School (at University Hospital Eppendorf). - Germany
http://www.uke.uni-hamburg.de/welcome.html
University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/
http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak5/ (in German)
http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak16/ (in German)
Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine. - Homburg/Saar. Germany
http://www.med-rz.uni-sb.de/index.en.html
University of Jena, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.uni-jena.de/fsu/med.html (in German)
University of Kiel, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.uni-kiel.de/fak/med/med.html (in German)
University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.uni-leipzig.de/stru4.html (in German)
Medical University of Lübeck, - Germany
http://www.mu-luebeck.de/ (in German. Page also available in English and in Norwegian)
University of Magdeburg, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany
http://www.med.uni-magdeburg.de/fme/Welcome_eng.html
University of Mainz, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany
http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Allgemein/medizin.html (in German)
Philipps University in Marburg, Faculties and Depts - Germany http://www.uni-marburg.de/fb.html (in German)
University of Münich, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.med.uni-muenchen.de/homepage_e.html
University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://medweb.uni-muenster.de/index_e.html
University of Regensburg, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany
http://www.uni-regensburg.de/Fakultaeten/Medizin/index.html (in German)
University of Rostock, Fac. of Medicine. - Germany http://www.uni-rostock.de/fakult/medfak/fakt.htm (German)
University of Tübingen, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/uni/k05 (in German)
University of Ulm, Faculty of Medicine. - Germany http://www.uni-ulm.de/uni/fak/medizin (in German)
Univ. of Würzburg, Fac. of Medicine. - Germany http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/personal/mediper.html (German)
Univ. of Athens, Faculties and Depts (including Health Sciences). - Greece http://www.uoa.gr/departs/departs.htm
University of Crete, School of Medicine. - Greece http://www.cc.uch-gr/Tmhmata/MEDICINE/index.html
Democritus University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine. - Greece http://platon.ee.duth.gr/?intermed
University Medical School of Debrecen. - Hungary http://www.dote.hu/
University Medical School of Pecs. - Hungary http://www.pote.hu/index_en.htm
Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University. - Szeged, Hungary http://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/
Semmelweis University of Medical Sciences. - Hungary http://www.sote.hu/index_en.html
http://www.sote.hu/aok/index.e.html (Faculty of Medicine)
Univ. of Iceland, Faculties (including Medicine).- Iceland http://www.hi.is/EHI/Intro/faculties.html - Medicine
University College Cork, Faculty of Medicine "Ardpatrick". - Ireland
http://www.ucc.ie/ucc/faculties/medical
Univ. of Dublin, Trinity College, Fac. of Health Sciences. - Ireland http://www2.tcd.ie/Health_Sciences/index.htm
University College Dublin, Faculty of Medicine. - Ireland http://www.ucd.ie/medicine.html
University College Galway, Faculty of Medicine. - Ireland http://www.mis.ucg.ie/mis/Facmed.html
Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School - Israel http://www1.huji.ac.il/md
Hebrew University, Faculty of Medicine: Departments. - Israel http://www.md.huji.ac.il/dept
Ben Gurion University, Medical School. - Israel http://medic.bgu.ac.il/
The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University. - Israel http://www.tau.ac.il/
University of Ancona, Faculty of Medicine. - Italy http://www.unian.it/html/medi/medi.htm
Univ. of Bologna, Fac. Medicine - Italy http://www.unibo.it/STSE/orgamm/ammi/annu/files/c2p3sp9.htm (Italian)
University of Brescia, Faculty of Medicine. - Italy http://www.unibs.it/fac/i/med/ (in Italian)
University of Cagliari, Faculty of Medicine. - Italy http://pacs.unica.it/ (in Italian)
University of Chieti, List of Faculties with short summary of curriculum. - Italy
http://www2.unich.it/uda/publish/facolta.html (in Italian)
http://mars.unich.it/facolta.html
University of Ferrara, Faculty of Medicine. - Italy http://dns.unife.it/ateneo/lavori.htm (in preparation)
University of Florence, Faculty of Medicine. - Italy
http://www.unifi.it/universita/facolta/medicina/i_medici.htm (in Italian)
University of Genoa, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. - Italy http://www.medicina.unige.it/ (in Italian)
http://www.unige.it/ita/facolta/06.html (in Italian)
University of L'Aquila, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. - Italy
http://www.univaq.it/universita/didattica/FacMedicinaChirurgia
University of Messina, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. - Italy
http://www.unime.it/facolta/medicina/medicina.htm (in Italian)
University of Milan, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. - Italy
http://www.unimi.it/engl/facol/med/medicinaFac.html
University of Naples "Federico II", Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. - Italy
http://www.unina.it/erasmus/indice/paragr/f7.html (in Italian)
University of Palermo, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. - Italy http://www.unipa.it/medicina.html
Univ. of Padua, Fac.of Medicine. - Italy http://147.162.126.230/univerbo/facolta/medicina/mediciD0.htm (Italian)
University of Parma, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. - Italy http://www.unipr.it/Facolta/Medicina/ (in Italian)
Univ. of Pavia, Fac.of Medicine. - Italy http://www.unipv.it/didaricerca/facolta/medi-new/copertina.html (Italian)
University of Perugia, Faculty of Medicine.- Italy http://dimisem.med.unipg.it/ (in Italian)
http://dimisem.med.unipg.it/med/MEDWelcome.html (in Italian. The English version available soon).
University of Pisa, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery- Italy http://www.med.unipi.it/ (in Italian)
University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Faculty of Medicine. - Italy
http://www.utovrm.it/facolta/medicina/famedic.htm (Italian)
Libero Istituto Universitario "Campus Bio-Medico", Faculty of Medicine. - Rome, Italy
http://www.liucbm.it/facolta/didattic/guida/index.htm (in Italian)
University of Sassari, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery.- Italy http://www.uniss.it/doc/medicina.html (in Italian)
University of Siena, Faculties . - Italy http://www.unisi.it/ateneo/servizi/ects_en/faculties.html - fac
http://www.unisi.it/ateneo/servizi/ects_en/faculties.html - vocat (vocational courses)
University of Trieste, Faculty of Medicine - Italy
http://www.univ.trieste.it/info/guidastud96/ord_dida/medicina/med.html (in Italian)
University of Turin, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. - Italy http://www.unito.it/unito/medchirurg.html (Italian)
University of Udine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. - Italy http://www.uniud.it/www/uniud/facolta/medicina/corsix.html (in Italian)
http://www.uniud.it/www/uniud/facolta/medicina/lmc.html (in Italian)
Univ. of Verona, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. - Italy http://www.medicina.univr.it/medsites.html (Italian)
Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine. - Lithuania http://www.vu.lt/university/depart/medicine.html
University of Groningen, Faculty of Medicine. - Netherlands http://www.med.rug.nl/
University of Leiden, Faculty of Medicine. - Netherlands http://www.leidenuniv.nl/medfac/medfac.html (Dutch)
University of Maastricht, Faculty of Medicine. - Netherlands http://www.unimaas.nl/fdg.htm
Katholicke Universiteit Nijmegen, Faculty of Medical Sciences. - Netherlands
http://www.kun.nl/kun/h6/61/9fmw/fmw.html (in Dutch. Only a few pages in English)
Erasmus University Rotterdam, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.- Netherlands http://www.eur.nl/FGG/UK/fgghome.html
University of Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine. - Netherlands http://www.med.ruu.nl/
University of Bergen, Faculty of Medicine. - Norway http://www.uib.no/med/medfak.html (in Norwegian)
Østfold College, School of Health Studies. - Fredrikstad, Norway http://www.hiof.no/english/avd/health.html
University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine. - Norway http://aslak.uio.no/ (in Norwegian)
http://aslak.uio.no/medfak/index.html (in Norwegian)
University of Tromsø , School of Medicine. - Norway http://www.fm.uit.no/
Trondheim Faculty of Medical Science.- Norway http://www.mtfs.unit.no/ (in Norwish)
Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine. - Poland http://www.amg.gda.pl/AAMG/INSTYT/index.html
Silesian University School of Medical Science - Katowice, Poland http://www.slam.katowice.pl/engindex.html
Medical University of Lodz.- Poland http://www.am.lodz.pl/am/ (homepage)
http://www.am.lodz.pl/am/SoMedicine.html (School of Medicine)
"Karol Marcinkowski" University of Medical Sciences. - Poznan, Poland http://www.corvestor.com/
University Medical School. - Warsaw, Poland http://www.amwaw.edu.pl/indexang.html
University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine. - Portugal http://cygnus.ci.uc.pt/FMUC/english.htm
University of Lisbon, Faculty of Medicine. - Portugal http://www.fm.ul.pt/ (in Portuguese)
Porto Oporto Medical School, Faculty of Medicine. - Portugal http://hipocrates.med.up.pt/
"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy. - Bucharest, Romania http://www.univermed-cdgm.ro/
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Basic Medicine. - Russia http://www.rector.msu.su/General/fundmed.html
The Novgorod State University, Medical Faculty. - Russia http://www.novsu.ac.ru/novsu/fac_11.html
Vinnitsa State Pirogov Memorial Medical University. - Russia http://www.vsmu.vinnica.ua/
Saratov University of Medicine. - Russia http://med.ssu.runnet.ru/
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine. - Serbia http://147.91.1.5/bu/mdf/eng.html
Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine. - Bratislava, Slovak Republik http://www.fmed.uniba.sk/
Safarik University, Faculty of Medicine. - Kosice, Slovak Republic http://www.upjs.sk/upjs/medicina.engl.html
Comenius University, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine. - Martin, Slovak Republic http://www.jfmed.uniba.sk/www/index_en.html
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine. - Slovenia http://www.mf.uni-lj.si/
University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine. - Spain http://161.116.1.2/acad/plaest/10400.fit
University of Cádiz, Faculty of Medicine. - Spain http://www.uca.es/guia9596/medicina.htm (in Spanish)
University of Córdoba, Faculty of Medicine. - Spain http://www.uco.es/campus/centros/medicina/ (in Spanish)
University of Granada, Faculty of Medicine. - Spain http://www.ugr.es/~facmed/ (in Spanish)
University of La Laguna, Faculty of Medicine. - Spain http://filemon.csi.ull.es/medicina/facultad.htm (Spanish)
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. - Leioa Bizkaya, Spain http://www.we.lc.ehu.es/university/bizkaia/fomad.html
University of Madrid, Faculty of Medicine. - Spain http://www.fmed.uam.es/
University of Navarra, Faculty of Medicine. - Spain
http://web1.cti.unav.es/castellano/pamplona/facultades/medicina/medicina.html (in Spanish)
University of Oviedo, Faculty of Medicine. - Spain http://www3.uniovi.es/Vicest/Estudios/Centros/medicina.html
The University of The Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastian, Medicine. - Spain
http://www.sc.ehu.es/scrwwwsr/medicina.html (in Spanish)
University of Valencia, Faculty of Medicine. - Spain http://www.uv.es/medicina/index.html (in Spanish)
University of Valladolid, Faculty of Medicine. - Spain http://www.uva.es/english/centros/datos/medicina.html
Göteborg University, Faculty of Medicine. - Sweden http://www.medfak.gu.se/eng
Jönköping Univ. College of Health Sciences. - Sweden http://www.hj.se/hhj/ (in Swedish. Also in English soon)
Kalmar University College of Health Sciences. - Sweden http://www.vh.hik.se/kvh.html (in Swedish)
Karolinska Instituet, Fac. of Medicine (Depts. and Institutes). - Stockholm, Sweden http://www.ki.se/ki/dep.html
Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. - Sweden http://www.liu.se/HU/en/
Lund University, Faculty of Medicine. - Sweden http://lucat.lu.se:8080/cgi-bin/lucat/Eorgbild.sh?000022000
Umea University, Faculty of Medicine. - Sweden http://usrnew.umdc.umu.se/umu/med_fak.index.e.html
University of Uppsala, Faculty of Medicine. - Sweden http://www2.uu.se/kat/MF.html
University of Bern, Faculty of Medicine. - Switzerland http://www.unibe.ch/uni96/faculties/medicine.html
University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine. - Switzerland http://cmu.unige/ch
University of Lausanne, Faculty of Medicine. - Switzerland http://www.unil.ch/UNIL/docs/facmed.html (French)
University Hospital of Zürich, Faculty of Medicine. - Switzerland http://www-usz.unizh.ch/
http://www-rektorat.unizh.ch/med
Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. - Adana, Turkey http://lokman.cc.cu.edu.tr/default.asp
Faculty of Medicine. - Ankara, Turkey http://www.ankara.edu.tr/facmed.html
Gazi Medical Faculty. - Turkey http://www.tip.gazi.edu.tr/
Ege University Medical School. - Izmir, Turkey http://medicine.ege.edu.tr/
Univ. of Aberdeen, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences. - UK http://www.abdn.ac.uk/medicine/index.htm
University of Bath, School of Postgraduate Medicine. - UK http://www.bath.ac.uk/Departments/PostMed/
The Queen's University of Belfast, Faculty of Medicine. - UK http://web.qub.ac.uk/fmed
University of Birmingham, Medical School. - UK http://medweb.bham.ac.uk/
University of Birmingham, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. - UK
http://www.bham.ac.uk/prospectus/ugpros/medicine/index.htm
University of Sussex, The Trafford Centre for Graduate Medical Education and Research - Brighton, UK
http://www.susx.ac.uk/Units/tcmr/html/
University of Bristol, Faculty of Medicine. - UK http://www.bris.ac.uk/Faculties/fac-med.html
University of Cambridge (Medicine Courses Undergraduate Prospectus). - UK
http://www.cam.ac.uk/CambUniv/UGProspectus/Courses/Medicine.html
University of Cambridge, Clinical School. - UK http://www.his.path.cam.ac.uk/
University of Dundee, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry - UK http://gotwo.dundee.ac.uk/FacMedDen
Univ. of Edinburgh Calendar, Faculty of Medicine: Courses. - UK http://www.iprs.ed.ac.uk/calendar/medh/courses
Univ. of Edinburgh, Fac. of Medicine: Depts. - UK http://www.edinburgh.ac.uk/faculties/medicine/departments
University of Exeter, Postgraduate Medical School. - UK http://info.ex.ac.uk/pgms/
School of Biological & Medical Sciences, University of St. Andrews. - Fife, UK
http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~www_sbms/newhomesbms.html
University of Glasgow, Faculty of Medicine. - UK http://www.gla.ac.uk/Acad/FacMed/
http://130.209.34.12/Acad/FacMed
European Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey. - Guildford, UK
http://www.surrey.ac.uk/EIHMS/ihshome.html
Keele University School of Postgraduate Medicine. - UK http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/pm/spgm.htm
University of Leeds, School of Medicine. - UK http://www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/home.html
Charing Cross & Westminster Medical School (CWIS). - London, UK http://s1.cxwms.ac.uk/
Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's. - London, UK http://www.sm.ic.ac.uk/
King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry. - London, UK http://www.smd.kcl.ac.uk/index.htm
St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry. - London, UK http://www.lhmc.ac.uk/
http://www.mds.qmw.ac.uk/
Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine. - London, UK http://www.rfhsm.ac.uk/
Royal Postgraduate Medical School, University of London. - UK http://www.rpms.ac.uk/rpms_home.html
St. George's Hospital Medical School. - London, UK http://www.sghms.ac.uk/
University College London, Faculty of Clinical Sciences. - UK http://www.ucl.ac.uk/UCL-Info/Faculties/
The United Med. and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals. - London, UK http://www.umds.ac.uk/
Univ. of Westminster, School of Biological and Health Sciences. - London, UK http://www.wmin.ac.uk/BHS/
Univ. of Manchester, Fac, of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing. - UK http://info.mcc.ac.uk/MAN/medicine.html
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Medical School. - UK http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~nccc/Faculty/
University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (depts). - UK
http://www.nott.ac.uk/depts.html - medicine
Merton College, University of Oxford, Medical School Offices. - UK
http://www.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/contact/newaceunits?medoff
University of Salford, School of Health Sciences. - UK http://www.salford.ac.uk/healthSci/hs_staff.htm
University of Sheffield, Faculty of Medicine, Medical School. - UK
http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/academic/I-M/medsch/medsch.html
University of Southampton, Faculty. of Medicine, Health and Biological Sc.. - UK http://www.soton.ac.uk/??medfac/index.html
University of Sunderland, School of Health Sciences. - UK http://orac.sunderland.ac.uk/~hs0ror/hlthhome.html
University of Wales, College of Medicine. - Cardiff, UK http://www.uwcm.ac.uk/
University of Wales, School of Molecular and Medical Bioscience. - Cardiff, UK http://www.cf.ac.uk/uwcc/momed/brochure/menu.html
Univ. of Warwick, School of Postgraduate Medical Education. - UK http://www.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/Medical/
University of Wolverhampton, School of Health Sciences. - UK http://www.wlv.ac.uk/shs/
PERSPECTIVES OF THE FAMILY MEDICINE DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND
Maciej Latalski, Radzislaw Sikorski - Lublin (Poland)
Life of modem societies undergoes profound changes mainly due to the enormous development of science. These changes are accompanied by alterations in human mentality, hierarchy of established values and life-style. Interchanging biological and social reality implicates the necessity of educating the so called by WHO "five stars doctor" fully operative in modem therapy, capable of effective management decision-making and at the same time being an unquestioned society leader easily communicating with its members. According to Charles Boelen, it is obvious for WHO that such a doctor of tomorrow, due to the evolution of societies and health care systems will not have sufficient skills to be called a doctor of a day after tomorrow. Regardless of the distant future considerations, doctors have to be trained for today and tomorrow needs.
Professor Ruzyllo from Poland states "new trend in medicine of observing and treating a patient in his/her bio-social environment constitutes an outstanding event in the entire history of medicine" and compares the importance of this new trend to the contribution of Herman Boerhaave, who 200 years ago introduced the idea of in-patient treatment starting the era of so called clinical medicine (Greek: "kline" = a bed).
Developments in biology, chemistry and physics along with the astonishing innovations in medical technology induce the amazing progress of somatic medicine which makes real new powerful opportunities for the doctors. Simultaneously the complexity of modem life and the environmental health hazards oblige the physician to look at a patient in his/her bio-psycho-social background. Medicine contains broad knowledge perspectives and it can be divided into somatic and humanistic medicine. Including the familial and social aspects in the treatment process leads to the introduction of family doctor as a basic element of primary health care.
The term "primary health care" appears in discussions held in many countries on the health care systems and obligations of health care providers towards the society and an individual. This term was introduced in 1978 at a WHO Conference held in Alma Ata, Mongolia, which was devoted exclusively to the problems of primary health care (PHC).
According to currently realised strategy of PHC development in Poland, PHC is a systemic formation which makes medical services available for healthy and sick members of community at their place of residence, either in the convenience ambulatory or at home. This approach in accord with the WHO's definition which describes PHC as a system based on practical, scientifically proven and socially accepted methods and technologies which are available for everybody at his/her place of residence and the costs of which are affordable for both the individual and the society.
The role of PHC in Poland is adherent to the WHO's "Health for all in 2000" program. The main tasks PHC has to fulfil are:
- providing medical services of therapeutic, preventive and rehabilitating character in out-patient ambulatory or at home,
- health education of patients stimulating the community members to improve sanitary condition of all members of their families by introduction of healthy life-style factors
- promotion of environmental hygiene.
To reach these aims two factors are of key importance: proper organisation and - even more importantly - optimally trained personnel.
In our previous publication in AMSE-Newsletter (1996, XVI, 12-13) entitled "Undergraduate teaching and postgraduate training of family doctors in Poland", training of family doctors takes place mainly as postgraduate teaching (so called "accelerated training option" in which training is parallel to normal professional activity of trainees) or it may be realised within a residency system, where recently graduated doctor is prepared for the independent out-patient work. This training is conducted in the Medical Schools. All Medical Faculties in Poland received licences to teach family medicine to medical graduates. In the years 1994-96, 600 residency posts were granted.
Of great importance is the co-operation between medical schools and nonacademic health care institutions in training family doctors. Medical schools do not have all educational facilities to teach family medicine especially with respect to out-patient medicine. Academic teachers are obliged to train individually each resident according to the role: one teacher per one or two trainees.
First resident's posts were made available in autumn 1993. As the training course takes 3 years, in winter exam session of 1996, first residents have been examined. An exam consisted of 180 multiple choice questions. At present another 600 physicians continue their training course since the resident's posts of those who had passed the exam became available again.
The last of the specialisation exams which took place in 1996 made possible the comparison between the results obtained by the residency system trainees and those of "accelerated training option". The residency system candidates obtained better results (over 95% of positive results as compared with 85% in the "short path" group). This indicates that the residency program is properly designed and accurately realised.
Apart from the training, an equipment available for family doctor is also of major significance. A modem standard equipment consists of ECGraph, spirometer, glucometer, eye, ear and nose speculums set, minor surgery tools, inhalator and in cases where clinical laboratory is unavailable in the vicinity, the biochemical minianalyzator. Funding is provided by the World Bank loans, PHARE fund and local government budgets, the latter overtaking primary health care units from the central administration.
Of importance is also the mode of employment which implicates the income of a family doctor. The income should reflect the amount of work. An increasing spectrum of services offered and their greater availability should be followed by improved wages. Therefore, a contracting system is planned for introduction. At present over 250 contractual family doctors work in Poland. The contracts are signed by either the local government or the district governor, if the health care unit remains state owned. Contracts may also be signed with private practising doctors.
According to the results of survey undertaken in a Polish town where 60 thousand patients had the right to choose one out of 24 family doctors, and where the physician's income depends on the number of patients, revealed the signs of competition within the local market of health services. Changes in work organisation of family doctors' work and the contracting system of their employment improved the availability and the quality of their services. It appeared that better equipment of the doctor's work-place gives him/her an opportunity to cover approx. 80% of health needs met in the community.
The progress of medicine which was expected to positively influence the health status of societies, no longer is associated with optimistic prognosis. Many diseases, considered as totally eliminated, reappeared mainly due to the worsening financial situation and chaos present in many countries. These phenomena cannot be prevented by increasing number of medical personnel and new ultramodern hospitals built. On the verge of XX and XXI century, health care systems face the challenge - how to cover the increasing health needs while dealing with economic problems. In this particular situation, consolidation of the primary health care system with the family doctor as its basic element, seems to be a solution.
It seems however that health care system is resistant to changes that are to be implanted. This has deep social background. Probably, all changes in health care system lead in the opinion of many community members to reduction in their social security status. The sociological survey conducted in Poland by Wasowicz et al. produced interesting results. Patients' opinions on the planned changes in the organisation of primary health care were gathered and four options were given for choice:
1. primary health care is provided by 3 doctors: general practitioner, paediatrician and gynaecologist (system realised so far)
2. introduction of one family doctor who would take care of all family members,
3. medical services are provided by the family doctor plus a paediatrician,
4.medical services are provided by the family doctor plus a gynaecologist.
The questionnaired subjects inhabited large town, two little towns and a village. The chosen options varied among the respondents and the one third of them decided to maintain the system realised so far. The authors of this survey explain its results as s consequence of strong indisposition for all kinds of reforms, while so many of them, considering almost all aspects of their life, currently take place. This raises a general question - should the planned changes be widely accepted by a society? Our Polish problems in reforming health care system are not without an international context. A major crisis in health care functioning can be observed in many countries. It can be seen in Scandinavian countries. In Germany, voices
suggesting cuts in health care budgets are quite commonly articulated publicly. A model of a custodian state is continuously challenged.
It seems that reorientation in health care system in Poland towards PHC based on the position of a family doctor, slowly but consequently becomes real. This process is however difficult with major resistance to face - it cannot therefore be completed in a time.
At present, Polish society expects strict rules of health services availability and clear guidelines how to behave within reformed system. Moreover, economic aspects must not be neglected.
AMSE ANNUAL CONGRESS 1997 - Uppsala (Sweden) - 4-6 September, 1997
PROGRAMME
Thursday, 4 September, 1997
17.00 Registration (Uppsala University Main Building,
Address: In the corner of Övre Slottsgatan and St. Olofsgatan, Uppsala)
19.00 Opening ceremony Bengt Westermark
19.30 Reception, Uppsala University Main Building Bo Sundqvist (Rector)
Friday, 5 September, 1997
8.30 Registration, The Lecture Hall (Grönwallsalen)
, Uppsala University Hospital(Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance No. 70, Ground Floor)
9.00 Welcome to Uppsala Bengt Westermark
9.10 SESSION 1
The importance of a research environment Chairman:
for medical education Per Belfrage (Sweden)
9.10-9.30 Invited Speaker Per Belfrage (Sweden)
9.30-9.50 Invited Speaker Graeme Catto (U.K.)
9.50-10.10 Invited Speaker Antonio Fantoni (Italy)
10.10-10.20 The new Italian Medical Faculty syllabus Paola Binetti (Italy)
10.20-10.30 The teaching of ecology in the Amur State Evgeniy A. Borodin
Medical Academy (Russia)
10.30-11.00 COFFEE BREAK
11.00-11.10 Overseas medical interns: their psychological Susana Chelquer de
coping through interventional research Jaimovich (Israel)
11.10-11.20 Clinical genetics - an interdisciplinary science Iuliana Dimofte,
Victoria Ulmeanu (Romania)
11.20-11.30 Scientific research and medical education: Maria Amélia D.
a need to be one issue, not two Ferreira Tavares (Portugal)
11.30-11.40 The significance of scientific research activity of Nikolay Kiryanov (Russia)
students in the teaching process
11.40-11.50 Ecology in medical education Radislaw Sikorski (Poland)
11.50-12.00 Is modern medicine still in need of semiological Victoria Ulmeanu (Romania)
training?
12.00-13.00 Free communications
13.00-14.30 LUNCH (University Hospital restaurant)
14.30 SESSION 2
What is the role of academic physicians Chairman:
in research Oded Abramsky (Israel)
14.30-14.50 Invited Speaker Jaume Bosch (Spain)
14.50-15.10 Invited Speaker Otto Smiseth (Norway)
15.10-15.30 Invited Speaker Karel Horky
15.30-16.00 COFFEE BREAK
16.00-16.10 The importance of information - educational Vladimir I. Petrov (Russia)
activity of the academy in the field of pharmacy
in the period of formation of market relations in Russia
16.10-16.20 The role of academic physicians in research - Shimon Pollack (Israel)
The experience of our faculty
16.20-16.30 The experience of the medical academy in Alexander A. Spasov
organisation of foreign students training in (Russia)
the Russian language
16.30-17.00 Free communications
18.00-23.00 Boat Cruise from Uppsala to Skokloser Castle.
(approximately)
Dinner will be served on board.Saturday, 6 September, 1997
9.00-10.30 Presentation of selected Medical Schools
10.30-11.00 COFFEE BREAK
11.00 SESSION 3
What is the role and the responsibility Chairman:
of a dean of medicine Frank Harris (U.K.)
11.00-11.20 Invited Speaker Roel J. Int'Veld
(The Netherlands)
11.20-11.40 Time use of a dean of medicine Invited Speaker
Peretz Lavie (Israel)
11.40-12.00 Invited Speaker Antonio Campos (Spain)
12.00-12.20 Invited Speaker Petr Hach (Czech Republic)
12.20-12.30 The specific role of the dean of the faculty of Natasá Honzíková
medicine in the transforming society (Czech Republic)
12.30-12.40 European Credit Transfer System (ECTS): an Karel Van Liempt
excellent tool to put internationalisation in the (The Netherlands)
limelight of the faculties' action
12.40-13.00 Discussions
13.00-14.30 LUNCH
14.30-14.45 Presentation of the Medical Faculty of Pavlov L. Mirossay (Slovakia)
Jozef Safárik University in Kosice
14.45-15.00 Presentation of the Carelift international medical Alton I. Sutnick (Moldova)
education program for Moldova
15.00-15.15 Presentation of the Russian-Swedish co-operation Pavel I. Sidorov (Russia)
in the sphere of medico-social education
15.30-16.00 COFFEE BREAK
16.00- AMSE General Assembly
Please notice!
The program on Friday 5 September and Saturday 6 September 1997 will be held in the
Lecture Hall (Grönwallsalen), Uppsala University Hospital (Akademiska sjukhset) Entrance
No. 70, Ground Floor.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Congress Secretariat
Deans Office
Medical Faculty, Uppsala University
c/o Mrs. Christl Richter-Frohm
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
University Hospital
S-75185 UPPSALA, Sweden
Phone: +46-18-664757
Fax: +46-18-557279
E-mail: Christl.Richter-Frohm@Radiol.uu.se
Registration and site of the AMSE meeting
Registration and Opening Ceremony on September 4, 1997, will take place in Uppsala University Main Building, St. Olofsgatan, Uppsala.
For contact during the meeting:
Phone: +46-(0)70-5464757 , Fax: +46-18-557279
E-mail: Christl.Richter-Frohm@Radiol.uu.se
Official language
English. No simultaneous translation
Registration fees
AMSE members SEK 3,300
Non members SEK 3,800
Accompanying persons SEK 2,300
Registration fee includes
Attendance at scientific sessions
Book of abstracts
Welcome reception
Excursion and AMSE Meeting Dinner
Coffee during breaks
Luncheons on Friday and Saturday
Methods of payment
Payment should be made to Nyman & Schultz Travel Agency, Conference Service, Uppsala.
Address: Glunten - 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
Phone: +46-18-192815 , Fax: +46-18-507103
Bank transfer to the Congress Bank Account at :
Handelsbanken, PO Box 7190, S-103 88 STOCKHOLM, Sweden
Account No. 6137-140968121 (AMSE -600122)
Please notice! It is very important that all figures in the account number are given upon payment to the Congress Bank Account and that your name is clearly stated.
Credit card payment can also be made (American Express, Visa, Euro-Mastercard)
Please note
Please make payments free of charge for the receiver
Any charges for bank fees or incorrect remittance of registration fees will be collected on site by the Congress Office.
AMSE membership
See page 1 of this Newsletter
Alternatively, you may send a cheque, payable to AMSE, to the Congress Secretariat, as indicated on the registration form (please: a) print your name and address on the back of your cheque; b) send separate cheques for the registration fee and for the Membership fee; c) send a copy of your bank transfer to the AMSE Treasurer, whose address is at page 1 of this Newsletter)
Transportation
Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital (Akademiska sjukhuset) is centrally located, and is within walking distance of the hotels.
Hotels
single room/day double room/day
Hotel Gillet**** Sunday-Thursday SEK 1185 SEK 1425
Hotel Gillet**** Friday-Saturday SEK 600 SEK 750
Hotel Linné**** Sunday-Thursday SEK 860 SEK 1125
Hotel Linné**** Friday-Saturday SEK 600 SEK 750
(Breakfast included) (12% VAT included)
HOW TO REACH UPPSALA
Uppsala is easily accessible by air, train, or car.
There are several direct flights daily to Arlanda Airport (Stockholm, Arlanda).
Uppsala is located approximately 35 kilometres from Arlanda Airport and can be reached by bus or taxi.
AMSE ANNUAL CONGRESS 1997 - Uppsala (Sweden) - September 4-6, 1997
HOTEL REGISTRATION FORM
Send to: Nyman & Schultz Travel Agency
Conference Organiser Leif Nielsen
Glunten
S-751 83 UPPSALA
Phone : +46-18-192815 , Fax. +46-18-507103
Participant: Family name:.............................................. First name:........................................
City:......................................................................... Postcode:.................................................
State/Province:........................................................ Country:....................................................
Telephone:................................................Fax:..........................................................
E-mail address: ..........................................
Arrival date: .............................Departure date:.................................Late arrival:...................
(important: please indicate late arrival)
Hotel: Hotel Gillet**** Hotel Linné****
Deposit requirement
No deposit requirements
Payment
Payment should be made directly to the Hotel upon arrival.
Signature. ..................................................................... Date: ...........................................